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CAS
No
61789-38-6
Ammonium-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-cocoamidopropyl chloride
Synonym
Ammonium coco amidopropyl betaine chloride
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CAS No
61789-39-7
Sodium-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-cocoamidopropyl chloride
Synonym Sodium coco amidopropyl betaine chloride
CAS No 61789-40-0
N-(Carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-cocoamidopropyl hydroxide
Synonym Coco amidopropyl betaine
N-Cocoamidopropyl N,N-dimethylglycine hydroxide inner salt
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| Physical
data |
| Melting
point: 260-320 °C |
| Boiling
point: 600-730°C |
| Vapour
pressure: 0,2.10-9 kPa |
Water solubility:
>10 g/l (20 °C) |
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Coco amidopropyl betain is a white to pale yellow solid substance that
almost always is sold as a 30 % water solution. It contains one
lipophilic part coming from the hydrocarbon chain of the coco fatty acid
and a hydrophilic part consisting of the quaternary inner salt. The
nitrogen in betaine is always quaternary, i.e. it is attached to four
other atoms. That makes the substance act like a cationic surfactant in
an acid solution, whereas it in an alkaline solution will not carry any
net charge but continue to form its inner salt, it does not become a
negatively charged ion. The substance is an amphoteric that thus does
not act as zwitterions. The part carrying the charges consists of the
amino acid glycine and the name betaine comes from the fact that
trimethyl glycine was first extracted from sugar beets.
The substance is manufactured by forming an amide of fatty acids from
coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine. Coco fatty acids have carbon
chain lengths between 8 and 18 carbon atoms, the C12 fatty acids being
the most common. A carboxylic group is added to the cocoamidopropylamine
by means of sodium chloroacetate which makes the nitrogen of the amine
quaternary. Except for the 20-40 % water solution of the desired
substance, about 5 % of sodium chloride is then also formed, whose ions
will act as counter ions to the quaternary nitrogen and the acid.
Production of coco amidopropyl betaine was in Western Europe about
59,000 tonnes in 2002, whereas the USA produced 18,000 tonnes and Asia
about 10,000 tonnes in 2004.
The substance is a surface-active agent that is considered to be
particularly mild to the skin and use has increased considerably in
recent years. Half of all coco amidopropyl betaine is used in cosmetic
products like shampoo, shower gels, liquid soaps and a variety of
similar hygiene products, particularly for children as they do not smart
the eyes. The other half is used in different cleaners intended to be in
contact with the skin, for instance hand washing-up products and liquids
for contact lenses.
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